The spectrum communication technology for 6G mainly uses the THz band which is basically a spectrum band (0.1 thz to 10 thz) having many unique features for communications. These waves have a narrow beam that secures communication, and the data rate is close to 100 Gbps. Spectrum communication is also suitable for wider applications such as high-speed wireless and space communication. A wireless transceiver chipset (data rate of 80 Gbps) has been designed, which solves the problem of low antenna-gain. In 6G, the high frequency connection reduces many problems in many areas such as cross-talk, reflection, etc.
The use of a strong beamforming and scanning algorithm requires a significant amount of research before it can be properly used in 6G. In addition, other parameters need to be investigated, including low-complexity, low-power hardware circuits, channel and noise modeling, energy efficient modulation schemes, low density channel coding, ultra large-scale multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems, and powerful synchronization schemes. Visible light communication using optical wireless communication is one of the most promising technologies in 6G architecture. In 6G, the use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) can help us in high-speed data communication.
A. New communication paradigm: In molecular communication (MC), biochemical signals (usually small particles) form a gaseous medium to create communication. It is usually compared with radio com munications. MC signals are mainly biocompatible because they consume very small energy particles. It mainly seeks to interface with mobile networks and the Internet, which are more challenging. Quantum communication (QC) is one of the most secure forms of communication. We encode information in quantum state using photons or quantum particles. QC has a great potential in long distance communication. Therefore, both MC and QC can be effective in 6G wireless technology.
B. Homomorphic Encryption: People are doing a lot of cryptographic operations on some special algebraic operation to get results in true sense in homomorphic encryption. We want to combine ML with homomorphic encryption so that we can perform operations on encrypted data and get the result back to plaintext. If we apply deep learning on wireless communication in 6G, it can give much better results. In all cases of data security protection in some specific biological environment, we will use an ML algorithm for learning and prediction. We will also apply homomorphic encryption to save computing time cost as well as maintain the confidentiality of the data.
C. Free-Space Optical Communication: Free-space optical communication (FSO) is a visible light communication for switching data, and has high level data rates, and thus it is difficult to implement in rural areas. FSO mainly provides backhaul connectivity, and is also used for fronthaul access in rural areas. In FSO, there are mainly two challenges– control of Doppler effect for satellites and varying delay of user equipments (UES) in the field of satellite.
D. Scope of Artificial Intelligence : Apart from having low latency high throughput, this is an interesting point of differentiation between predecessor networks, and future 6G networks has to do with ‘intelligence’. Of course, scope exists for incorporating artificial intelligence into the architectural framework of an autonomous 6G network. Features such as network function virtualization (NFV), software-defined networking (SDN), and network slicing (NS) will continue to pervade parts of 6G networks as cloudization, slicing, software, virt alization, etc. The integration of software and hardware sections to forgive the dependency of software on hardware and NS makes network functions parallel to achieve network deployment and management on demand. The function of SDN is to reduce the control function to achieve programmable configuration and network management. A junction of SDN, network slicing, NFV, and AI can bring about zero-touch and dynamic network composition. Self aggregation of different radio technologies can be achieved with the help of AI for fluid networks and satisfying demands of constantly changing applications and services. The authors have clearly indicated the importance of AI in the architecture of the new 6G networks as it is capable of real-time monitoring. AI will also advance network utility and improve the quality of experience. To promote the incorporation of AI into 6G network design, machine learning must be the center of attention.
E. AI-enabled Deployment and Energy Efficiency: To implement refined quality of service for cell-phone users, 3D positioning of aerial BSS is used to assist ground stations. For the energy-efficiency behavior of 6G, this is an important study. With the direction of 3D positioning and energy-efficient deployment, AI can be leveraged to design learning-based models. Also, in the plan, BS user actor critics use reinforcement learning.
F. Big Data Analytics for 6G: Big Data will help to describe, diagnose, predict, and determine in a fillable model that can form the basis for an intelligent management model for managing massive data through incorporation with AI for 6G.
G. Brazil 6G Project in Brazil: The 6G project started in 3 phases, as given in the following. • State of the art in 6G networks: Here we find the architecture, vision, and application of 6G research. • Brazilian scenario for 6G: This stage finds the applications that are suitable for the Brazilian environment. • Technology trends: This application finds the main required technology for 6G.
H. Intra-Intra Chips Length Scale: Optical wireless communication mainly depends on the inter intrachip length scale as well as the total re-expression capability which depends entirely on the characteristic of the received capacity. Thus a large amount of re-expression technology can enhance and improve the 6G system through it,.
I. Clouds/Edge/Terminal Computing: This also provides advantages for some users through their ability to forget about using such a far-reaching structure and for them this advantage is also a bonanza and furthermore, for this reason, this kind of mobile application launches through the effort that takes the least effort about its management. Basically, edge computing is a service that relies on the location towards the edge of the smartphone network and wishes to intercept network traffic. There exists a centralized server that gradually enhances the communication between user-friendly devices. However, we can recognize more opportunities with the help of the above computing mechanisms.
j. Applications of Blockchain in 6G Applications: Blockchain plays a vital role in orchestration, spectrum sharing, and decentralized computation. Blockchain and AI will be used to manage the relationship between users and operators in a smart way. Blockchain integrates the mechanism of radio clouding with its main centralized access control system design. Big data creates a lot of risks in the computing environment, but the application of blockchain can prevent the threats.
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