Reservation percentage state-wise in India for Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), Other Backward Classes (OBC), and sometimes Economically Weaker Sections, in Government jobs and educational institutions, and often State Refers to the quotas or percentages of seats reserved to be filled up in the legislative assemblies. These percentages vary from state to state as per the population of the said groups and local government policies.
The reservation policy of the Central Government in India is uniform at 15% for SC, 7.5% for ST, and 27% for OBC. However, some states could have their percentage of reservation, different from the central guidelines on the issue. For example, Tamil Nadu has an overall 69% reservation policy, with 18% for SC, 1% for ST, and 50% for the OBC. Whereas Maharashtra has 13% reservation for the Scheduled Castes, 7% for Scheduled Tribes, and 19% for Other Backward Classes in addition to the 16% extended quotas for Marathas and other communities.
These percentages are meant to give a better access to educational and job opportunities to historically disadvantaged groups, but such reservations usually remain under legal scrutiny, especially when these are more than 50%, considered the ceiling by the Supreme Court of India. States justify the higher percentage on grounds of social and economic statistics, which promote equality. This makes state-wise reservation a complex and evolving feature of Indian governance.
1. Andhra Pradesh:
The State government has reserved 15% of seats in the state for candidates from SCs, 6% for STs, and 29% for OBCs. Hence, a total of about 50% of the seats are kept reserved by the state government. Further, the EWS category would have a reservation of 10%. These combined reservations provide this category access to the available seats in education, as well as in state-based employment and others, with 60% reservation.
2. Andaman and Nicobar Islands:
In the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the government has reserved 12% of the seats for SCs and as high as 38% for STs. This means it keeps 50% of the total seats for these groups. Reservations will ensure better access to education, government jobs, and other opportunities in these islands for people from SCs and STs, inclusiveness, and upliftment of marginalized groups.
3. Arunachal Pradesh:
In Arunachal Pradesh, the government has followed a different route; 80% of the total seats are kept as the only reservation for Scheduled Tribes. This is a high percentage in relation to the reservation percentage in India, reflecting a large ST population in this state and also the commitment of the government in extending support for the upliftment of these backward communities. Because of such high reservation, maximum opportunities in spheres like education and jobs are made available to the ST population to raise their welfare and development in the state.
4. Assam:
In Assam, the reservation system is provided for 7% for Scheduled Castes, 15% for Scheduled Tribes, and 27% for Other Backward Classes. All this amounts to a sizeable 49% reserved for such communities. Over and above, 10% are added for Economically Weaker Sections, making it 59% reserved seats in all. It ensures that the citizens in SCs, STs, OBCs, and EWS get a fair opportunity to avail educational and governmental employment opportunities within the state and to cause a dent in reducing inequalities.
5. Bihar:
The State of Bihar has a reservation of 16% for Scheduled Castes, 1% for Scheduled Tribes, and 33% for Other Backward Classes. So, the other half is occupied by those three communities. Furthermore, 10% of the seats are reserved for EWS, adding up reservations to 60%. This system works to ensure equal opportunities for SCs, STs, OBCs, and EWS in education, jobs, and other areas where benefits could be availed so as not to lag behind.
6. Chandigarh:
The reservation policy in Chandigarh has been quite simple. As such, the government has set aside 27% of the seats strictly for OBCs only. This single reservation group ensures that over one-quarter of the opportunities in sectors such as education and government jobs are given to the OBC people. The policy is, in essence, meant to support OBC people within the city through the availability of resources they need for success.
7. Chhattisgarh:
In Chhattisgarh, the government has established a strong reservation system by allotting 13% of the total seats to the Scheduled Castes (SCs), 32% for the Scheduled Tribes (STs), and 14% to Other Backward Classes (OBCs). All in all, this goes to encompass a sizeable portion of 59% of the total opportunities. To this, 10% of the seats are reserved for the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS), taking the total reservation to 69%. The system is so designed to help these communities in receiving different opportunities like education, jobs, and others within the state. It has thus become an effective measure for promoting egalitarianism.
8. Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu:
In the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, for admission to the educational institutions and for posts, the reservation is provided as 3% Scheduled Castes, 9% Scheduled Tribes, and 27% for Other Backward Classes. This constitutes a reservation of 39% of the total seats in these communities, which will ensure that SCs and STs and also OBCs increase their access to education and employment opportunities in the region and are hence able to reduce the disparities and bring about equality of opportunity.
9. Delhi:
The reservation provided for-15 per cent for Scheduled Castes, 7 per cent for Scheduled Tribes and 27 per cent for Other Backward Classes-adds up to 49 per cent. Over and above this comes the additional reservation of 10 per cent for the Economically Weaker Sections, making the total 59 per cent. The system basically helps SCs, STs, OBCs, and EWS avail facilities of education, jobs, and others in the capital city.
10. Goa:
In Goa, the reservations are provided in such a way that 2% is for SCs, 12% for STs while the maximum number of 27% is for OBCs. This sums up to 41% seats left for reservation. Apart from this, 10% of the seats are reserved for Economically Weaker Sections, thus bringing the total reservation in the state to 51%. It is done with the belief that due course of time, access to education, jobs, and other opportunities will integrate SCs, STs, OBCs, and EWS, thereby making life more inclusive.
11. Gujarat:
For Scheduled Castes, the reservation is 7%, for Scheduled Tribes, 14%, and Other Backward Classes, 27%. In other words, 48% of the total seats fall into all these categories. Additionally, Economically Weaker Sections have reservations as much as 10%, which totals up to 58%. The system would guide SCs, STs, OBCs, and EWS regarding the availability of education and jobs and other opportunities within the state.
12. Haryana:
In Haryana, the reservation system denotes 20% for Scheduled Castes, 23% for Other Backward Classes, and 10% for Economically Weaker Sections, adding up to 53%. This would ensure that SCs, OBCs, and EWS communities get equal opportunities for access to education, jobs, and other opportunities in the state with a view to inclusivity and equal opportunities for all.
13. Himachal Pradesh:
In Himachal Pradesh 25% is reserved for the Scheduled Castes, 4% is for Scheduled Tribes, and 20% is for Other Backward Classes by the government in Himachal Pradesh. Thus, 49% of the total seats are reserved. Moreover, it goes up to 59% because another 10% is reserved for the Economically Weaker Sections. It is a system meant for providing access to SCs, STs, OBCs, and EWS within the state in getting admission to various education, jobs, and other opportunities.
14. Jharkhand :
Reservation extends to 10% for Scheduled Castes, 26% for Scheduled Tribes, and 14% for Other Backward Classes. That means half of the seats are kept for these communities. Also, 10% of the seats are kept for EWS categories, making the total reservations 60%. This is devised to facilitate access to education, jobs, and other opportunities in the state for the SCs, STs, OBCs, and EWS communities.
15. Karnataka:
The State of Karnataka has also instituted reservations of 17% for Scheduled Castes, 7% for Scheduled Tribes, and 32% for Other Backward Classes. Cumulatively, these account for 56% of the seats. Besides this, 10% of the seats are kept for the EWS categories, taking the reservations to 66% in all. This is supposed to give a fillip to SCs, STs, OBCs, and EWS groups to get better educational and job opportunities, besides others, in the state.
16. Kerala:
Reservations were made by the Kerala government, wherein 8% seats were kept for SCs, 2% for STs, and 40% for OBCs, totaling 50% reserved seats. Further, there is also 10% reserved for EWS, increasing the total reservations to 60%. This system would accord opportunities to these communities, namely SCs, STs, OBCs, and EWS, in higher education, jobs, and other avenues within the state.
17. Lakshadweep:
The reservation system in Lakshadweep is peculiar because the government gave 100% reservation to STs. This means that all opportunities, even in educational and employment avenues, are rigidly reserved for the ST population. In such a system, demographically, the majority of the population falls under the category of STs, for their welfare and development.
18. Madhya Pradesh:
In Madhya Pradesh, the government has reserved 16% of seats for SCs, 20% for STs, and 14% for OBCs. This means that half of the seats are reserved for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes. Moreover, 10% of the seats have also been reserved for EWS, taking the total reservation to 60% reservations. This system aims at offering more convenience to the SCs, STs, OBCs and EWS communities in terms of accessibility to higher education and employment opportunities amongst others within the state.
19. Maharashtra:
Within Maharashtra, the reservation system ensures 13% for Scheduled Castes, 7% for Scheduled Tribes, and 32% for Other Backward Classes. In total, this is reservation for 52% of the seats in favor of these groups. Further, the state has kept 10% for EWS and 1% is kept for orphan children. With this, the total reservations become 63%. This reservation system is devised to help SCs, STs, OBCs, and EWS, and orphans of Manipur benefit in getting educated, employed, and availing other opportunities in the state.
20. Manipur:
While in Manipur, the reservation system provides 3% seats for SCs, 34% for STs, and 17% for OBCs-a cumulation of over half of seats amounting to 54%. This would, therefore, open the gates of education and job opportunities for people coming from SCs, STs, and OBCs and help reduce disparities while ensuring equal opportunities.
21. Meghalaya:
In turn, the government of Meghalaya did a rather unexpected thing by reserving a huge 80% of the total seats for the Scheduled Tribes alone. Such a high percentage is indicative of the sizeable population of STs in the state and determination on the part of the government to extend support and upliftment to these people. The fact that such a high reservation provides most of the opportunities in fields such as education and employment to the ST population, aims at guaranteeing welfare and the development of people in the state.
22. Mizoram:
In Mizoram, the reservation system was proposed to be very high, with 80% of the seats being reserved for Scheduled Tribes. In other words, a large part of the opportunities pertaining to education and jobs would be reserved for the ST population. Such a high percentage of reservation is indicative of the sizeable population base in STs within the state and the strong commitment of the government towards ensuring the welfare and development of this segment. The reservation system in Mizoram is done so as to avail better opportunities for the ST community and decrease inequalities in the state.
23. Nagaland:
The reservation system is peculiar in Nagaland, with 80 percent of the seats having been reserved by the government for Scheduled Tribes. This high percentage corresponds to the demographic composition of the state, where the greater proportion of its population falls into the ST category. This system is designed to ensure that the ST community has better access to education, jobs, and other opportunities within the state, catering to its ideals of inclusivity and equal opportunity for all.
24. Odisha:
Reservation extends 16% to SCs, 22% to STs, and 11% to OBCs. Put together, 49% of the reserved quota is kept for these communities. Furthermore, 10% of the seats will be kept reserved for EWS, thereby taking the total reservation to 59%. The scheme has been prepared with the aim of providing assistance to SCs, STs, OBCs and EWS groups in availing education, jobs, and other opportunities within the state.
25. Puducherry:
In Puducherry, the reservation system encompasses 16% for SCs and 34% for OBCs. Thus, it means that half of the seats amount to 50% reservations for these communities. These reservations go towards ensuring that people from the SCs and OBCs get better educational and job opportunities within the union territory to reduce disparities and build up equal opportunities.
26. Punjab:
The Punjab Government has brought in a reservation system, covering 29% for SCs, 12% for OBCs, and 10% for EWS. In all, that amounts to 51% reservations. It was done with the purpose of giving equal opportunities to SCs, OBCs, and EWS for admissions, jobs, and other opportunities in order to give inclusiveness and equal opportunity for all.
27. Rajasthan:
In the reservation system, Scheduled Castes are given 16% reservation, Scheduled Tribes 12%, and 21% for Other Backward Classes. So, in total 49% of seats are reserved in Rajasthan. And again, to this, 10% has been added as Economically Weaker Sections, which is 5% as Most Backward Classes, making it rise to 64% reservation in total. The system is designed to extend a helping hand towards the SCs, STs, OBCs, EWS, and MBC communities in availing of opportunities relating to education, employment, and other privileges in the state.
28. Sikkim:
In Sikkim, the pattern of reservation is strange. For Scheduled Castes, the reservation percentage is 7%, for Scheduled Tribes it is 18%, and for Other Backward Classes, it is 40%. In all, 65% are reserved seats. Further, there is a reservation of 20% for others, thus, aggregately, the reservations amount to 85%. This regime will assist SCs, STs, OBCs, and others in gaining access to education, employment, and other opportunities in the state for inclusiveness, with a view to extending equal opportunities to all.
29. Tamil Nadu:
The Government of Tamil Nadu has a reservation policy, comprising 18% reservation for Scheduled Castes, 1% for Scheduled Tribes, and 50% for Other Backward Classes, adding up to 69%. This will be helpful in accessing education, jobs, and other opportunities in the state for SCs, STs, and OBCs communities and bring inclusiveness, thereby ensuring equal opportunity for all.
30. Telangana:
In fact, for SCs, Telangana has provided 15% reservation, 10% for STs, and 29% for OBCs, adding up to 54% reservation. Further, it has 10% seats for EWS, taking the percentage of total reservations to 64%. This system is being implemented to ensure SCs, STs, OBCs, and EWS communities get an opportunity for education, employment, and other opportunities within the State.
31. Tripura:
In Tripura, the government also reserved 17% for Scheduled Castes, 31% for the Scheduled Tribes, and 2% for Other Backward Classes. That means half of the seats amount to 50% for these communities in the state. These reservations are therefore to be used in devising policies relating to improving the representation in education and jobs of SCs, STs, and OBCs in order to reduce disparities and improve equal opportunity.
32. Uttar Pradesh:
In Uttar Pradesh, there is a reservation of 21% for Scheduled Castes, 2% for Scheduled Tribes, and 27% for Other Backward Classes, adding to 50% reservations in all. In addition, 10% reservations are provided for the EWS category, making a total of 60%. The system aims at helping SCs, STs, OBCs, and EWS avail facilities for education, jobs, and other opportunities in the state.
33. Uttarakhand:
The Government of Uttarakhand has prescribed a reservation system: 19% for Scheduled Castes, 4% for Scheduled Tribes, and 14% for Other Backward Classes amount to 37% reserved seats in the state. Also, 10% of the seats are kept for EWS; adding to that, the total reservation percentage becomes 47%. The system aids SCs, STs, OBCs, and EWS groups in getting an education, finding jobs, and availing other opportunities within the state.
34. West Bengal:
In West Bengal, there is a provision for reservations of 22% of the seats for SCs, 6% for STs, and 17% for OBCs. This adds to a reservation of 45% in total. Further, 10% of the seats are being reserved for EWS, making a total reservation of 55%. It is basically meant to provide a bridge for SCs, STs, OBCs, and EWS categories in trying to enter education, jobs, and other opportunities in the state.
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