Mobile Phones Risks On Health

Mobile phones are becoming an increasingly essential component of our daily lives. It is one of the most essential forms of communication. Over the past two decades, the exponential growth in mobile phones has increased the amount of non-ionizing radio waves, making the potential dangers of human body exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields a significant concern for society. Although mobile phone use is increasing at an alarming pace, the effects of radiation exposure on human health, the effects of blue light on human eyes, and macular degeneration and its consequences have all been addressed and are a topic of heated discussion. The specific absorption rate is a measure of how quickly the human body absorbs radiation, and government regulatory bodies in many other countries of the world have established limit values ​​for contemporary phones. This is bad because the radiation is undetectable and enters and exits our bodies without our awareness. The radiation waves produce a 0.3-degree rise in temperature on the surface of the brain. It is unknown whether such a temperature rise has biological implications. The temperature of the brain regularly varies by about one degree, and cells are only destroyed after a five-degree increase in temperature. According to cell phone radiation testing, men’s sperm cells are destroyed by mobile phone radiation, causing them to lose reproductive transformation and experience mental health problems.

Introduction

Modern technology has brought comfort and convenience to human civilization, but these technological and communication devices are also accompanied by a bunch of other indispensable elements. Electromagnetic radiation is one of these variables that is used in mobile phones and wireless devices for signal transmission. According to several studies, EMF radiation has been linked to a variety of negative health, growth, reproduction, immune system, development, sleep, skin and cognitive effects. The link between mobile phones and memory loss has been investigated in various ways. Because of their smaller heads, thinner skulls and greater tissue conductivity, children can consume more energy from a given phone than adults. The power levels of wireless devices are restricted by international standards on microwave frequency exposure limits, and it is uncommon for wireless devices to exceed these restrictions. Furthermore, since non-thermal effects have yet to be clearly shown, these guidelines only take thermal effects into account. The issue of whether microwave radiation produced by mobile phones (radio-frequency modulated electromagnetic fields: RF-EMF) may cause health problems remains unresolved. There is sufficient and reliable scientific evidence that RF-EMF produces biological effects according to several recent evaluations of updated published studies. Earlier in vivo and in vitro research suggested that RF-EMF exposure may affect the permeability of the blood-brain barrier.

However, other research suggests that non-thermal RF-EMF radiation levels have no effect on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Microwaves have been linked to sleep disturbances, cognitive difficulties, headaches, nausea and dizziness, among other symptoms. Improvements in blood-brain barrier permeability, electroencephalographic activity and blood pressure were also documented. While mobile phones are intended to function at power levels below a threshold for recognized thermal effects, the excess of radio frequency radiation can have biological consequences. Users of wireless devices have genuine concerns about safety, particularly when it comes to the potential hazards posed by electromagnetic fields (EM). The potential negative health consequences of radiofrequency radiation (RFR), such as that emitted by mobile communication devices, have been a growing source of concern. The signal is delivered to a mobile contact via an electromagnetic wave, such as radio frequency and microwave signals. This signal © 2018 Jetir August 2018, Volume 5, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Jetirff06001 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (Jetir) www.jetir.org 2 is known as electromagnetic radiation, which is a ionizing radiation, or a radiation radiation. While using a mobile phone, electromagnetic waves are transferred to the body, causing health issues, especially around the ear and skull, where they are known to damage neurons. The electrical impulses that bind two neurons interact with the radiations.

Electromagnetic Radiation: Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is a wave-like phenomenon that emits energy as it moves through space. Both electric and magnetic fields fluctuate in phase both perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of energy transmission in electromagnetic radiation. Depending on whether it is capable of ionizing atoms and breaking chemical bonds, electromagnetic radiation can be classified as ionizing or non-ionizing. Electrical and biological hazards are the two main types of hazards associated with non-ionizing radiation. When an induced voltage exceeds the breakdown voltage of the ambient medium, very high electromagnetic radiation can generate electric currents strong enough to produce sparks (electric arcs). The sparks can then ignite combustible objects or gases, possibly causing an explosion. When an induced voltage exceeds the breakdown voltage of the ambient medium, very high electromagnetic radiation can generate electric currents strong enough to produce sparks (electric arcs).

Specific Absorption Ratio (SAR): SAR is a watt per kilogram measure of the amount of radio frequency (RF) energy absorbed by human body tissue. This test is done to see if a mobile phone complies with safety standards. The exposure limit is well below levels known to have biological consequences and takes into account the body’s ability to dissipate heat from tissues receiving energy from the mobile phone. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of the United States and the International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Some of the radio waves emitted by mobile phone handsets are absorbed by the human scalp. The radio waves of a GSM handset can have a peak power of 2 watts, while the average transmission power of a US analog phone was 3.6 watts. Other various types of mobile digital technologies, such as CDMA2000 and D-AMPS, require less than 1 watt of output power. The maximum power consumption of mobile phones is regulated by the mobile phone standard and regulatory authorities in each nation. The cell phone and base station test the reception quality and signal strength in most systems, and the power level is raised or decreased accordingly.

Effects of blue light on human eyes: Light is relayed by smart phones, laptops and other portable gadgets. However, blue light, in particular, can be harmful to the skin. Macular degeneration is the result of photoreceptor cell loss in the retina. The function of photoreceptor cells is to collect and transmit visual images to the brain through a substance called retina. The retina, which is produced by the eye, is stimulated by blue light, which causes a number of chemical processes. These processes inside the eye can be harmful to the cell molecules of the photoreceptors, causing damage. When photoreceptor cells die, they do not regenerate. “The toxicity of blue light to the retina is ubiquitous. It has the ability to kill any kind of cell” Part of this may be due to the fact that blue light has a shorter wavelength than other colors and therefore has more energy. The extra energy may explain the retina-borne toxicity that this chemical shift has produced. The color of phone light is blue. The combination of blue light and retina damage can damage cells; however, the tests were carried out in a laboratory environment rather than in human eyes. According to the study, it is uncertain whether cell death is caused by blue light itself.

Dangerous effects on human health: The effects of radio waves produced by mobile phone contact can be classified as thermal, non-thermal or nontoxic in the context of the handset, especially when it comes to human health. The thermal effect occurs when the electromagnetic field of radio waves induces polar molecules in the dielectric to release heat, which kills tissues. For example, while processing a message from radio waves, nerve fibers can be injured when the temperature in any area of ​​the brain increases. The non-thermal effect, which occurs when the temperature generated by radio waves continuously flows through the cell, occurs next to the thermal effect (electric current only). The membrane, while the signal is transmitted to the cell, and then the nontoxic effect, which includes chromosomal damage, changes in the function of some genes and a faster rate of cell division. Non-ionizing radiation and ionizing radiation are two types of electromagnetic radiation that have different biological consequences. Non-ionizing radiation includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared and visible light waves, which lack the energy to break down atoms and molecules and convert them into ions, which are electrically charged particles. This implies that non-ionizing radiation does not cause cancer or any other disease in people because it does not damage the genetic material (DNA) in particular.

Ionizing radiation such as X-rays and gamma rays can increase the risk of cancer, birth abnormalities and genetic disorders due to the atom and molecule ionization that can cause DNA mutations, especially at high doses. There is no such thing as a completely safe ionizing radiation. Dielectric heating is a well-known phenomenon of microwave radiation, in which the rotation of polar molecules caused by the electromagnetic field heats up any dielectric material (such as living tissue). When a person uses a mobile phone, the majority of the heating effect may occur at the surface of the head, increasing the temperature by a fraction of a degree. The magnitude of the temperature increase in this instance is an order of magnitude greater than that observed after exposure of the head to direct sunlight [8]. Because of the apparent stability of thermal equilibrium in their cell cultures, probes such as Reflex are unable to detect the temperature changes that induce these changes. Because stress proteins exist with very different amounts of energy for both very low frequencies (ELF) and radio frequencies (RF), some researchers think they are unrelated to thermal effects. Researchers used fluoride ox glucose injections and positron emission tomography to find that radiofrequency signal waves increased glucose metabolism in brain regions closest to the mobile phone antenna, although the clinical relevance of this finding is unclear.

Blue Light and Macular Degeneration: According to an early study from the University of Toledo, the blue light emitted by our gadgets may be a cause of macular degeneration. Macular degeneration occurs when photoreceptor cells in our eyes die. According to a statement from the University of Toledo, the blue light from our phones activates a molecule in our eyes called retinal, which causes chemical processes that damage and destroy photoreceptor cells. Our blue light exposure may not be powerful enough to seriously harm our vision. The sun also produces a lot of blue light and is by far the most common cause of macular degeneration. Smartphone-related health issues may go beyond eye strain. According to research, spending time on your phone before bed can reduce the synthesis of melatonin, making it difficult to fall or stay asleep. Back and neck issues have also occurred as a result of cell phone use, as well as regular stress injuries to the hands.

How to protect eyes from mobile screen light: For many individuals, the benefits of smartphones outweigh the dangers to their health. Taking the proper measures now, on the other hand, will significantly reduce the likelihood of future smartphone vision issues. If you’re not actively avoiding eye strain, consider taking these simple measures to reduce the risk of smartphone-related eye damage: Reduce the amount of glare: The brightness on your smartphone is probably set much higher than it should be. Reducing screen glare makes it simpler for the eyes to operate the phone while preserving battery life. Simply go into your phone’s settings and reduce the brightness to a lower, more comfortable level. Adjust text size: If you have to squint to read on your phone, increase the default font size to make on-screen text larger and easier to see. Remember to blink: It may seem strange, but remembering to blink while using your smartphone reduces strain on your eyes.

Literature Review

Lennart Hardell discusses a review on the effects of mobile phones [9]. During the past two decades, the use of digital technology has exploded. Mobile phones and cordless phones produce radiofrequency (RF) radiation when in use. No preceding generation has been exposed to this level of radiation in childhood and adolescence. The brain is the primary organ into which RF radiation from portable wireless phones is directed. In May 2011, the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer reviewed scientific data on brain tumor risk. The scientific panel concluded that RF radiation from non-emitting devices in the frequency range 30 kHz–300 GHz is a Group 2B human carcinogen, meaning it is “possible” to cause cancer. In addition to cancer, it is important to address neurological disorders, physical addiction, cognition, sleep, and behavioral issues when considering the health consequences of digital (wireless) technology. The impact of altered behavior in children and adolescents as a result of their interaction with contemporary digital technology should be carefully evaluated.

K. Bhargavi et al. discussed a review on mobile phone effects on health. Cell phones are a godsend for better communication, but they also come with a host of health risks. Various studies have shown that mobile phone emissions can cause genetic damage, cancer, memory loss, elevated blood pressure, and weakness of the immune system. Even more frightening is the fact that this radiation is invisible, intangible, and enters and exits our body without our awareness. The two most widely used second generation (2G) mobile communication technologies are global system for mobile communications (GSM) and code division multiple access (CDMA). This article describes experimental work done to investigate the effect of electromagnetic radiation from two different mobile phone technologies with different frequencies and power levels.

The experiment was conducted in a laboratory with ten human participants. The duration of the procedure is equal to the amount of time spent on the phone, which is 10 minutes. During the experimental study, an electroencephalogram is used to monitor and record brain activity during a period of 10 minutes. The results show that a mobile phone serving GSM has a greater effect on the brain than a mobile phone serving CDMA. As a result of the massive increase in mobile phone use worldwide, the effect of mobile phone radiation on human health has been the subject of current attention and research. Electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range is produced by mobile phones.

Other digital wireless systems, such as data communication networks, are classified as WHO Group 2B (probably carcinogenic) on the IARC scale. This implies that there may be “some risk of carcinogenicity”, meaning that further studies are needed into prolonged, intensive mobile phone use. As a preventive step, several national radiation advisory bodies have advised that people be exposed to as little radiation as possible. The rapidly developing mobile phone technology has generated widespread concern about the potential for negative health consequences. Current studies, on the other hand, are hampered by several flaws and do not rule out the possibility of an elevated health risk. As a result, more high-quality research is needed. In addition, it is important that scientific research findings are communicated to the general public in a clear and specific manner.

Debate

With the passage of time, innovation grows and moves at a fast rate. The most important and widely used element of technology in our lives is mobile phone technology. A mobile phone started out as a basic gadget with just numbers and was mostly used for emergencies by most people. Cell phones today contain many devices in the form of applications, such as phone calls, text messaging, photo capturing, Internet access, calculator use, and so on. People are obsessed with their mobile phones because they use them to access a wide range of services. For example, people can carry the phone around because of its size, network range, fully charged battery, essay connection, and so on. There is no denying that mobile phones have many benefits. Mobile phones have many advantages, but they also have some disadvantages. It has become an essential Bangladesh, nine out of ten young individuals in the city area own a mobile phone. They use it for various reasons. Their popularity with mobile phones is increasing by the day. According to medical research, mobile phone radiation is harmful to human health.

Conclusion

The use of cell phones is skyrocketing, yet most of the world’s population has no idea how cell phones affect human health. Globalization has become the new slogan. In this day and age, it is almost impossible to live without technology. However, as this research demonstrates, any technology created to assist humans comes with certain risks. Only a newer, better technology will be able to overcome these disadvantages of modern technology. Electromagnetic radiation can be found everywhere. Faster wireless communication services are anticipated as artificial electromagnetic radiation becomes more prevalent. It seems there is no way to break this cycle. Scientists and engineers must develop better and safer wireless systems and devices. Future mobile phones will be able to emit significantly less power thanks to smaller cell sizes, better antennas for base stations, and other sophisticated technologies, making the technology a true blessing. Mobile phones emit a lot of near-field microwave radiation because they are so close to the user’s head. Never before in history has such a significant percentage of the population been regularly exposed to such high doses.

As a result, there is concern that exposure may have long-term negative health consequences, including an increased risk of cancer. Despite a lack of scientific evidence, the state, society and business are forced to grapple in a convulsive manner with the relatively new mobile phone technology and its potential health risks. The fact that commercial interests are involved further complicates the issue. However, any risk assessment and measures must be based on systemic considerations. There is no other option to achieve public acceptance of the resulting policy but to disclose these systemic principles to the public in a completely transparent manner. Cell phone use is growing at an exponential rate, yet most people are unaware of how cell phones affect human health. According to research, cell phone radiation has been linked to a variety of diseases, including brain tumors, migraines, short-term memory loss and various types of heart disease. This new technology and human health have become a significant issue for safety due to the existence of various RF sources, such as mobile phone handsets and broadcast antennas that contribute to the total ambient exposure. Nonetheless, additional efforts must be made to transform mobile radio communications into an effective, safe and convenient system that benefits both India and the rest of the world.

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