A detailed analysis of the effect of cell phone EMW on male reproductive functions should include a careful review of the available data collected from various animal and human studies on semen loss and deranged histological testicular changes related to cell phone exposure.
Great scholarship is based on the ways in which cell phone radiation alters body functions from normal. A lot of studies have been done on various tissues of the body to see how different organs would react to radiation exposure. Changes in the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and localized tissue effects were analyzed specifically with reference to these three cases. Fluctuations in EEG patterns, sleep patterns and neuroendocrine functions have been detected after increased cell phone use, as well as decreased cognitive functions and melatonin secretion. On the other hand, cell phone exposure also increases resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as heart rate. In addition, EMW radiation may induce functional impairment in Leydig and Sertoli cells, leading to decreased hormone secretion, which in turn may disturb cell volume-regulation. In addition, generally, users who are excessive cell phone users are exposed to burning and tingling or numbness tissue near the ear along with decreased concentration, fatigue and frequency of headaches due to visual aberrations. Therefore, it is a simple observation that the side effects may spread far beyond the immediate exposure range of the cellphone to have a significant impact on the user’s health.
The effect of radiation from the electromagnetic wave emitted by a useful cellular device has been documented not only on the general body, but also on a specific system of male reproduction. Researchers have recorded several studies about the effect of cell phone audio on sperm involvement in motility, morphology, count and functions, the presence of Leydig cells and Sertoli cells, and as always, highlighting the evaluation of the pituitary gland and the blood-testicular barrier in relation to cell phones.
1. Several studies have been carried out on the effect of cell phones on the motility characteristics of sperm, but in an outstanding way, Wdowiak et al. conducted a retrospective study involving 304 men. They found that men who used cell phones a lot had a decreased motility rate: only 17% of the patients who used the phone regularly for more than 2 years had normal motility (more than 50% of the sperm had forward progressive motility) as defined in the said study. Subsequently, the rest 65.7% did not use cell phones. Another study, similarly retrospective, included 371 men who were all in the reproductive age period. In addition to stimulating fast progressive sperm motility, a negative correlation was found between the duration of using a mobile phone and the daily duration of transmission time with this effect (r = -0.12 and r = -0.19, respectively); in addition a positive effect has been reported on slow progressive motile sperm due to the same dimensions (r = 0.12 and r = 0.28, respectively).
In a study conducted on 22 men with an average age of 24 years, it was noted that high intensity EW radiation 1.8GHz x 0.4 – 27.5 W/kg SAR caused a statistically significant decrease in motility and viability of the samples exposed to it. In addition to the above, an increase in mitochondrial ROS production and 8-OHdG levels was also observed. Despite the high intensity of EMW used, this study showed that EMW was capable of causing damage not only at the morphological level but also at the molecular level of DNA. Another research was conducted by Agrawal et al. in 2009 when they conducted a prospective in vitro study using clean semen samples of 32 infertile men who were subjected to radiofrequency EMW exposure of 1.46 W/kg SAR x 60 minutes. Basically, most of their cases showed a statistically significant decrease in sperm motility and viability after RF-EMW exposure. The most significant change in ROS production during the last experiment was the increased production of these cell-damaging elements, followed by a decrease in the ROS-TAC score. Therefore, the present study showed that RF-EMW emitted from mobile phones can increase oxidative stress in human sperm and reduce motility and viability characteristics.
2. Sperm morphology and count Recently, exposure to cell phone RF-EMF radiation has been associated with a decrease in normal sperm morphology and count. Their participants were 361 men, and they conducted an observational study to assess the relationship between sperm morphology and cell phone use. Men were divided into the following four use categories: no use, >4 hours per day. A statistically significant difference was found in the mean WHO normal morphology between the low use group (40.32 ± 13.06) and the high use group (18.40 ± 10.38) p < 0.0001.</mark> Wdowiak et al. found a significant increase in the percentage of sperm cells with abnormal morphology correlated with the frequency and duration of exposure to cellular phone RF-EMF emitted by GSM cell phones. While 55.6% of patients without cell phones had normal morphological parameters (more than 30% normal-shaped sperm morphology), only 16.7% of patients who frequently used cell phones (regular phone use for more than 2 years) had normal sperm morphology. Fages et al. showed that high-frequency use of cell phones caused a very significant decrease in sperm count.
The study found that absorption of RF radiation adversely affects in vitro fertilization capacity, measured through capacitation status, but not acrosome status. However, micro doses of RF radiation during 2 hours (daily x approximately 35 days at SAR 0.9) did not have a statistically significant effect on the motility and hypo-osmotic swelling tolerance of rat implanted sperm. RF radiation causes DNA fragmentation and increases DNA protein damage. Moreover, it was observed that such detachment may occur in combination with increased persistence of apoptosis factor due to active caspases in the cell.
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