ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence (AI) language model capable of generating human-like text. It was developed by the AI research organization OpenAI, and is one of the most advanced language models currently available. Simply put, ChatGPT is a computer program trained on a large amount of text data, such as books, articles, and web pages. ChatGPT has been taught how to understand language patterns and structures, and how to create a new text similar in style and tone.
ChatGPT is an interactive AI interface capable of engaging in conversations by addressing follow-up questions, identifying your errors, questioning discrepancies, and rejecting certain requests. It is an AI chatbot system capable of ‘understanding natural human language’ and providing information and solutions to complex questions.
‘GPT’ means ‘generative pre-trend transformer’, using a large amount of text collected from the Internet in various forms (eg, articles, poems, essays, Speech) accurately describes the ability of an AI chatbot system to produce written text. It is an AI language model based on a type of neural network called “transformers”, designed to process sequential data such as text. The GPT model is “pre-trained”, meaning that it is trained on a large amount of text-based data before being adapted to a specific task.
Due to the accessibility and power of ChatGPT and its ability to engage in every day information gathering activities, just like search engines, Law enforcement agencies anticipate the use of chatGPT and similar applications by offenders who commit crimes in the future and are conducting law enforcement investigations and prosecutions them. The purpose of this background paper is to provide an overview of the functionalities, uses and limitations of ChatGPT and to make recommendations for law enforcement.
ChatGPT provides easy entry-level user access to AI platforms through a common interface using conversational signals to generate results. Users must register on OpenAI’s website to obtain the key required to configure its services. OpenAI provides a range of tutorials and documentation to help programmers interact with OpenAI platforms. The main models available generate text, images, or computer programs in response to common language questions.
To understand how AI works here, it is important to see how the platform has been trained to operate. This is achieved in three stages:
Step 1: ChatGPT collect performance data and train supervised policy.
Step 2: ChatGPT collect comparison data and train a reward model.
Step 3: ChatGPT optimize a policy against the reward model.
The OpenAI platform is very versatile but finding, creating and modifying images in common uses, poems, songs, Writing content like essays and even blogs and debugging code or getting codecs to write it. Overall, the Artificial Intelligence GPT model represents a major breakthrough in the development of the AI language model; Its various versions have pushed the boundaries of what is possible with text-based AI and opened up new opportunities for innovation and discovery. Cases of some possible use of ChatGPT for law enforcement are given below. However, They are completely hypothetical scenarios that require the implementation of individual assessment and safeguards by law enforcement and judicial authorities planning to use ChatGPT.
ChatGPT should not only be used “in accordance with legal and ethical guidelines”, but relevant laws of each law enforcement and judicial authority, Compliance with regulations and internal policies and procedures should also be done. In addition to national laws – and especially in the absence of specific Artificial Intelligence laws and policies, all uses of ChatGPT must comply with international standards on responsible Artificial Intelligence, including legality, Principles such as reducing harm, fairness, respect for human autonomy and the like should be followed good governance. ChatGPT should never replace human judgment and the ultimate responsibility for the accuracy and quality of ChatGPT output should be that of individual law enforcement officers who have the necessary training and expertise.
1. Translation: ChatGPT can be used to translate text from one language to another. This can be helpful in situations where language barriers can be a challenge. However, chatGPT should not be relied upon without verifying and verifying the output, especially in relation to translations that are used to initiate a case, Action will be taken against a person, processing witness statements or handling sensitive information.
2. Text data analysis: Law enforcement agencies often deal with large amounts of text data, such as email, social media posts, and chat transcripts. ChatGPT can be used to analyze this data and extract insights relevant to ongoing investigations.
3. Fraud detection: using chatGPT to analyze text data and fraud or other criminal activity, Such as phishing scams or fraudulent email patterns can be used to detect.
4. Training and education: ChatGPT can be used to provide training and education to law enforcement officers on topics such as stress reduction techniques, cultural awareness and investigative methods.
5. Victim Assistance: ChatGPT can be used to provide assistance and resources to victims of crime, such as information on legal rights and counseling services.
6. Investigative research: ChatGPT can be used to conduct investigative research, such as analyzing online forums or social media groups to identify potential suspects or criminal activity.
7. Virtual Assistant: ChatGPT can be used to provide virtual assistants that use natural language processing techniques to understand and respond to user queries.
It is important to note that special care must be taken to ensure that the use of AI does not result in bias or violation of individual rights and privacy. When using ChatGPT for law enforcement purposes, agencies should be cautious about potential data privacy and disclosure issues. AI platforms like ChatGPT should not be used for sensitive police data as their providers may process this information on their servers for learning purposes. Additionally, there is a possibility that when ChatGPT is used to prepare documents in a criminal case based on law enforcement input, a court order may be issued by law enforcement seeking clarification regarding the request made to ChatGPT. are done.
OpenAI will soon switch to a fully commercial model for businesses that want to develop applications that integrate OpenAI basic layers into their products, while also having the ability to customize models with proprietary data and additional AI features. Keep. Microsoft and OpenAI recently announced their long-term partnership ‘through a multi-year, billion-dollar investment to accelerate AI breakthroughs and ensure that these benefits are shared widely with the world. Go. It is expected that other global platform providers will start creating and launching similar platforms in the near future as they see increasing user engagement with such platforms.
Google and Alphabet are developing similar AI layers (i.e. Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers [BERT], Multitask Unified Models [MUM], and Language Models [LaMDA]) for conversation applications. Google recently launched a LaMDA-powered ‘experimental Interactive AI service called ‘BARD’ has been unveiled.
Incomplete or outdated information: Although ChatGPT is trained on a large text dataset, its performance is heavily dependent on the quality and relevance of its training data. Inadequate or low quality data can lead to poor performance and incorrect responses. This means that it may have insufficient knowledge or understanding to give accurate or complete answers to certain questions, especially on very specific or rare topics. In addition, ChatGPT may not be aware of recent events, updates or progress in various fields based on the cut-off date of training data, Which can also lead to old information.
1. Prejudice: Like any machine learning model, chatGPT can also be biased towards certain groups, topics, or approaches based on training data. ChatGPT’s training data comes from a wide range of sources including social media, news articles and books. This means that the model may include biases from these sources, for example, gender, In terms of race or culture that can potentially lead to inaccurate or discriminatory responses. This can sometimes produce reactions that are inadvertently aggressive or inappropriate.
2. Relevant understanding: ChatGPT can sometimes have difficulty understanding the specifics and context of a question or conversation, leading to irrelevant or inappropriate responses.
3. Sensitivity to adverse attacks: ChatGPT can be sensitive to attacks during which malicious users intentionally input incorrect or misleading information to manipulate the model’s responses.
4. Lack of legal expertise: While ChatGPT is trained on a wide variety of content, it is not a legal expert. ChatGPT understanding are of legal concepts, terminology and procedures may be incomplete or incorrect, so it should not be relied upon for professional legal advice.
5. Lack of professional judgment: Law enforcement officers are often required to write reports detailing their comments and actions that are usually presented for defense and for cross-examination purposes Are used for. These reports – which often form the basis of rescue arguments – are based on direct knowledge of personal experiences or incidents of police officers and of the most appropriate information to include Their decision takes shape. This cannot be repeated by ChatGPT. Police reports are legal documents that require accuracy and impartiality (which ChatGPT does not necessarily have due to its training dataset), And compliance with specific guidelines and procedures is required. The ultimate responsibility for the accuracy and quality of police reports will always be that of police officers who have the necessary training and expertise.
Large language models such as generative AI and chatGPT have several potential benefits. However, it is important to be aware of potential abuses, be vigilant, identify potential weaknesses and take preventive action.
Ensuring ethical and responsible use of this technology is the duty of organizations using large language models such as ChatGPT. Since the field of generic AI is still irregular and there is little or no moderation, It provides a new breeding ground for the expansion of existing and the emergence of future criminal enterprises.
Fraud, scam and impersonation
Malware
Misinformation, publicity and manipulation of public opinion
Criminals have recently started using AI platforms for their illegal purposes and, like all other users, Getting better at using correct expressions and queries to produce desired results.
AI is becoming increasingly accessible and will become more prevalent in cyber crime. ChatGPT with law enforcement, Or must have tools and capabilities capable of detecting AI-generated content and be able to share the signature of these devices and possibly identified AI-generated content. Many such AI-generated text detection tools are being developed, for example, GPTGero, Hugin Face GPT2 and Writer AI Detector. These solutions need to be verified and benchmarked before being widely adopted by law enforcement. Law enforcement in Interpol member states needs to be well prepared and to ensure that the use of ChatGPT and similar platforms is common good as well as criminal Used to mark uses; It is recommended that the points described below be adopted and information sharing from member states, A mechanism should be implemented to obtain and exchange.
1) Technology Alignment
For platforms using AI and related procedures, it is important that law enforcement investigators from Interpol member states, Forensic experts and prosecutors have the right level of information to ensure that these technologies are properly implemented in investigations.
2) Standard Testing Procedures and Procedures
It is also important for law enforcement agencies to work with industry in developing standard procedures and procedures to deal with international crimes. A clear understanding of the shared needs and mutual solutions of law enforcement and industry partners is essential.
3) Standardized training and education
There is a huge interest in interactive AI platforms and related technologies and processes due to advanced functionalities, so it is important to allocate resources and provide support to create training and education packages. Interpol member countries need to be aware and familiar with these platforms and processes to successfully address these new challenges.
4) Horizon scanning and foresight
Interpol aims to ensure that Member States are kept aware of this rapidly evolving AI technology and the latest progress in the implementation of AI-enabled platforms and applications. Interpol to detect early signs of major development through systematic investigation of potential threats and opportunities, with emphasis on the effects and implications of law enforcement to Member States Information is encouraged to be exchanged with.
5) Clear rules and laws
With the increase in international crimes associated with the use of ChatGPT and similar platforms, It is important for Interpol member states to initiate discussions about identifying appropriate regulations that can be applied to various aspects of preventing and fighting crime.
6) Responsible use of AI-enabled platforms by law enforcement
AI is an incredibly promising technology and tool that can provide tremendous benefits in law enforcement work. However, given the complex nature of the subject and the importance of public confidence in law enforcement, AI-enabled platforms need to be applied responsibly in a law enforcement environment. for this, Interpol worked with the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) to develop a toolkit for responsible AI innovation in law enforcement, published in June 2023. The guide aims to support law enforcement agencies worldwide regarding responsible design। Development, procurement and deployment of AI-enabled tools / platform.
As platforms such as AI-enabled chatbot systems and chatGPT are constantly evolving – parallel to their implementation in law enforcement work – Interpol member countries, Will continue to monitor development by working closely with law enforcement agencies in industry and academic experts, and ensure a harmonious and collaborative approach is implemented.
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